This book covers key areas of medical science. The contributions by the authors include cryotherapy, post-endodontic pain, visual analogue scale, surgical extractions, intraoral radiography, thin film transistor, complementary metal oxide semiconductor, image receptors, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, human immunodeficiency virus, growth hormone deficiency, abdominal hysterectomy, patient-specific functional scale, knee extensor lag, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, intra-articular adhesions, joint contracture, cerebral palsy, pediatric evaluation of disability inventory, botulinum toxin type-a, gastroesophageal reflux disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, spontaneous vertex delivery, rotator cuff tear, magnetic resonance imaging, positive predictive value, multiple renal infarctions, renal artery dissection, magnetic resonance angiography, abdominal flank pain, nasopharyngeal swab, agglomerative clustering techniques, k-means clustering, nuclear medicine imaging, vaccine-derived poliovirus, poliomyelitis virus, acute flaccid paralysis, supplementary immunization activities, autologous platelet-rich plasma, epidermal growth factor, fibronectin. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medical science.