ACID-BASE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY

Acid–base balance is fundamental to maintaining physiological stability, and disturbances in this balance are frequently encountered in various clinical settings. Understanding these disorders requires a comprehensive knowledge of the physiological mechanisms regulating hydrogen ion concentration and the coordinated functions of the lungs, kidneys, liver, and biological buffer systems. This book, Acid-Base Physiology and Pathology, presents a systematic overview of the fundamental principles of acid–base homeostasis and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acid–base disturbances. It begins with the basic concepts of acid–base regulation, followed by discussions of various physiological and pathological alterations, diagnostic approaches, and clinical manifestations. Particular emphasis is placed on arterial blood gas analysis, bicarbonate regulation, carbon dioxide balance, and the anion gap in evaluating simple and mixed acid–base disorders. The book aims to bridge theoretical knowledge and clinical applications by presenting essential concepts in a clear, structured, and accessible manner. It is intended to serve as a valuable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students, medical practitioners, researchers, and healthcare professionals. We hope this volume contributes to a better understanding of acid–base physiology and supports effective clinical assessment and patient management.