Micro and Nano Fabrication by Powder Metallurgy

Hierarchically complex structures are observed in many biological systems and in nature. These structures impart diverse functionalities to organisms, such as nanoscale viruses, microscale cells, and macroscale tissues. Miniaturisation by nature has  motivated engineers and scientists to fabricate in micro and nano-scale. Different geometry of nanostructures like nanopillars, nanowires, nanodots etc have been fabricated for different applications from bioactivity and antibacterial to data storage purposes. Micro and nano fabrication has two approaches; one is a process used to construct physical objects with dimensions in the nanometer to micrometer range and secondly processing macro components using micron or nano sized powders/grains. Powder metallurgy is one such method to achieve both the approaches simultaneously or individually.